Titles-Initial Articles

orcalogo

Titles: Initial Articles

List of initial articles

Tips on finding mis-filed titles

Source: ALA Filing Rules, published by American Librarian Association, Chicago, c1980

Õ warning: same word can be used for the cardinal numeral one

A		English, Hungarian, Portuguese, Yiddish
al		Arabic
An		English, Yiddish
As		Portuguese
Az		Hungarian
Bir	Õ	Turkish
Das		German
De		Danish, Dutch, Norw., Swedish
Dei		Norwegian
Den		Danish, Norwegian, Swedish
Der		German, Yiddish
Det		Danish, Norwegian, Swedish
Di		Yiddish
Die		Afrikaans, German, Yiddish
Dos		Yiddish
Een	Õ	Dutch
Eene	Õ	Dutch
Egy	Õ	Hungarian
Ei	Õ	Norwegian
Ein	Õ	German, Norwegian, Yiddish
Eine	Õ	German, Yiddish
Eit	Õ	Norwegian
el-		Arabic
El		Catalan, Spanish
Els		Catalan
En	Õ	Danish, Norwegian, Swedish
Et	Õ	Danish, Norwegian
Ett	Õ	Swedish
Gl'		Italian
Gli		Italian
ha-		Hebrew
Hai		Greek
He		Hawaiian
Hê		Greek
he-		Hebrew
Heis		Greek, Modern
Hen		Greek, Modern
Hena	Õ	Greek, Modern
Henas	Õ	Greek, Modern
Het		Dutch
Hio		Icelandic
Hin		Icelandic
Hinar		Icelandic
Hinir		Icelandic
Hinn		Icelandic
Ho		Greek
Hoi		Greek
I		Italian
Il		Italian
Ka		Hawaiian
Ke		Hawaiian
L'		Catalan, French, Italian
La		Catalan, Esperanto, French, Italian, Spanish
Las		Spanish
Le		French, Italian
Les		Catalan, French
Lo	Õ	Italian, Spanish
Los		Spanish
Mia		Greek, Modern
'n		Afrikaans, Dutch
Na		Hawaiian
O	Õ	Hawaiian, Portuguese, Romanian
Os		Portuguese
't		Dutch
Ta		Greek
The		English
To		Greek; Greek Classical [mod.o]
Um	Õ	Portuguese
Uma	Õ	Portuguese
Un; Un'	Õ	Catalan, French, Italian, Romanian, Spanish
Una	Õ	Catalan, Italian, Spanish
Une	Õ	French
Uno	Õ	Italian
Y, Yr		Welsh

Preliminary tips on finding titles filing on initial articles

From Nancy N., Orbis staff

1. Search the OPAC for titles filing on initial article

For titles starting with words that the search program automatically overlooks, key the word _twice_ - the program overlooks the first word and begins with the second.

Search: the the
a a
an an

The program will find lots of titles; you will probably want to "stop" and display first 5,000 records, since the problems will appear in the first hundred or so of the list.

2. Compile Boolean review lists

Search for Innopac tag groups that index as titles (include title, alternate title, uniform title, series, and other similar tag groups). Look for the title index tag (in example below, it's "t") following the field group code and label.

example, from Tags of variable-length fields

Code	Name	Tag [index tag]
03 > a	AUTHOR	Wat
04 > t	TITLE	Wt
05 > e	EDITION
06 > v	PUB. HIST.
07 > p	PUBLISHER
08 > r	DESCRIPT.
09 > m	SER. NOTE
10 > s	SERIES	Wat
11 > q	RELATED TO	W
12 > n	NOTEW
13 > d	SUBJECT	Wdf
14 > j	GENRE/FORM	Wf
15 >b	ALT.AUTHOR	Wat
16 > u	ALT. TITLE	Wst
17 > f	ALT.ACCESS
18 > i	MISC. NO.	i
19 > c	CLASS #	cgm
20 > o	OCLC/SYS.#	o
21 > y	MISC.

Search for MARC tags that index as titles (130, 222, 245, 440, 730, 740, 830, 840, etc.) To be thorough, you may want to consult the Bibliographic Index Rules (available in Management Information/ Codes), sort by Index, and use all the appropriate fields.

example - from Marc Load tables, sorted by Field Name

001 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        ALT. TITLE(u)        222        ALL
002 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        ALT. TITLE(u)        229        ALL
003 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        ALT. TITLE(u)        242-243    ALL
004 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        ALT. TITLE(u)        246-247    ALL
005 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        ALT. TITLE(u)        730        REM  w
006 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        ALT. TITLE(u)        740        REM  w
104 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        SERIES(s)            400        REM  w
105 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        SERIES(s)            410        REM  w
106 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        SERIES(s)            411        REM  w
107 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        SERIES(s)            440        REM  w
108 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        SERIES(s)            800        REM  w
109 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        SERIES(s)            810-811    REM  w
110 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        SERIES(s)            830        REM  w
111 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        SERIES(s)            840        REM  w
119 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        TITLE(t)             130        REM  w
120 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        TITLE(t)             240        REM  w
121 > BIBLIOGRAPHIC        TITLE(t)             245        ALL

example - from Index Rules

105 > SERIES(s)            410.0      KEEP fgklptv       TITLE(t)
106 > ALT. TITLE(u)        243        REM  6h            TITLE(t)
107 > SERIES(s)            800        KEEP fgklmnoprstv  TITLE(t)
108 > SERIES(s)            411.0      KEEP fklpstv       TITLE(t)
109 > SERIES(s)            440        REM  6x            TITLE(t)
110 > SERIES(s)            810        KEEP fklmoprstv    TITLE(t)
111 > ALT. TITLE(u)        242        REM  6h            TITLE(t)
112 > ALT.AUTHOR(b)        700        KEEP fgklmnoprst   TITLE(t)
113 > SERIES(s)            811        KEEP fklpstv       TITLE(t)
114 > TITLE(t)             240        REM  6h            TITLE(t)
115 > SERIES(s)            830        REM  6h            TITLE(t)
116 > TITLE(t)             130        REM  6h            TITLE(t)
117 > SERIES(s)            840        REM  6h            TITLE(t)
118 > ALT.AUTHOR(b)        710        KEEP fklmoprst     TITLE(t)
119 > AUTHOR(a)            111        KEEP fklprst       TITLE(t)
120 > AUTHOR(a)            110        KEEP fklpst        TITLE(t)
121 > AUTHOR(a)            100        KEEP fglnopst      TITLE(t)
122 > ALT.AUTHOR(b)        711        KEEP fklpst        TITLE(t)
123 > SERIES(s)            NON-MARC   N/A                TITLE(t)
124 > ALT. TITLE(u)        247        REM  6h            TITLE(t)
125 > ALT. TITLE(u)        730        REM  6hx           TITLE(t)
126 > ALT. TITLE(u)        246        REM  6hi           TITLE(t)
127 > ALT. TITLE(u)        740        REM  6h            TITLE(t)
128 > ALT. TITLE(u)        NON-MARC   N/A                TITLE(t)
129 > SERIES(s)            400.0      KEEP fgklptv       TITLE(t)
130 > TITLE(t)             NON-MARC   N/A                TITLE(t)
131 > TITLE(t)             245        REM  6hc           TITLE(t)

Look for those fields that begin with initial articles in certain foreign languages. For example, look for "die" when it occurs at the beginning of titles in German (or Yiddish or Afrikaans, if you collect materials in those languages) - to exclude all the English language titles that begin with Die.

For example:

     1   Die Abtei 	                                         ger
     2   Die Ahnfrau	                                         ger
     3   Die Alder Excelle N Ste Cronyke	                 ger
     4   Die Ameisen Hym Formicidae Des Schweizerischen National ger
     5   Die Anatomie Der Pleurakuppel Ein Anatomischer Beitrag  ger
     6   Die And Live In Paris The Underlying Structures Of Myth eng
     7   Die Andere School De Geschiedenis Van Een Verraad	 ger
     8   Die Anwendung Von Film Und Projektion Als Mittel Szenis ger

You'd want to find all of these but #6: Die and Live in Paris …

And for the following, you'd want to find the titles in Spanish, not in English or German.

   247   Los Angeles Werden Leben Und Gestalt Der Zweimillionens ger
   248   Los Angeles Without A Map                               eng
   249   Los Anos Con Laura Diaz                                 [blank]
   250   Los Antiguos Diputados De Cuba Y Apuntes Para La Histor spa
   251   Los Argentinos Y El Amor    	                         spa
   252   Los Argentinos Y El Status    	                         spa
   253   Los Auricolos Y Sus Hibridos                            [blank]
   254   Los Bandos De Verona Montescos Y Capeletes              eng

Search Criteria

note: Finding initial articles in "t" subfields of author fields (e.g. 400, 410, 700, 710, 800, 810) requires a little different approach.

Example of Boolean search criteria to find an initial article "die"

at beginning of title field or subfield
[tag or field] has |adie and LANG=ger
at beginning of title subfield in author field
[tag or field] has |tdie and LANG=ger

Return to Technical and Profiling information